オザキ　イサム   Ozaki Isamu   尾﨑　勇    所属   東邦大学  医学部 医学科    職種   研究員（寄付講座）
論文種別	原著
言語種別	英語
査読の有無	査読あり
表題	The effects of voluntary control of respiration on the excitability of the primary motor hand area, evaluated by end-tidal CO2 monitoring
掲載誌名	正式名：CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY ISSNコード：1388-2457/1872-8952
出版社	ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
巻・号・頁	126(11),pp.2162-2169
著者・共著者	Isamu Ozaki,Kiyoshi Kurata
発行年月	2015/11
概要	Objective: To investigate the effects of voluntary deep breathing on the excitability of the hand area in the primary motor cortex (M1). Methods: We applied near-threshold transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over M1 during the early phase of inspiration or expiration in both normal automatic and voluntary deep, but not "forced'', breathing in eight healthy participants at rest. We monitored exhaled CO2 levels continuously, and recorded motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) simultaneously from the abductor pollicis brevis, first dorsal interosseous, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digitorum superficialis, and extensor incidis muscles. Results: We observed that, during voluntary deep breathing, MEP amplitude increased by up to 50% for all recorded muscles and the latency of MEPs decreased by approximately 1 ms, compared with normal automatic breathing. We found no difference in the amplitude or latency of MEPs between inspiratory and expiratory phases in either normal automatic or voluntary deep breathing. Conclusions: Voluntary deep breathing at rest facilitates MEPs following TMS over the hand area of M1, and MEP enhancement occurs throughout the full respiratory cycle. Significance: The M1 hand region is continuously driven by top-down neural signals over the entire respiratory cycle of voluntary deep breathing. (C) 2015 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
DOI	10.1016/j.clinph.2014.12.032